Who is considered the father of anthropology?

Edward Burnett Tylor is often regarded as the father of anthropology due to his foundational contributions to the field, particularly in the development of cultural anthropology. He was instrumental in establishing the concept of culture as a key element of human societies. Tylor’s work, especially in his book "Primitive Culture," laid the groundwork for understanding culture in a comparative manner, emphasizing the importance of cultural evolution and the idea that cultures change over time. His definition of culture, encompassing knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society, has been pivotal in shaping anthropological discourse.

In the context of anthropology's history, Tylor's emphasis on systematic observation and classification of cultural practices and beliefs influenced future generations of anthropologists. His approach encouraged a more scientific and rigorous examination of societies, which became a hallmark of anthropological inquiry. Other figures in anthropology, such as Franz Boas, later challenged and expanded on Tylor's ideas, particularly with respect to cultural relativism and the importance of fieldwork. However, Tylor's foundational contributions remain significant in defining the discipline.